Health inspection·April 12, 2023

F 0689 Level of Harm - Minimal harm or potential for actual harm Ensure that a nursing home area is free from accident hazards and provides adequate supervision to prevent accidents. Based on observation, interviews and record reviews the facility failed to maintain an environment that remained free of accident hazards. Residents Affected - Few The facility failed to keep cleaning agents out of the reach of residents. This failure placed residents at risk of accidental ingestion of chemicals. Findings included: In an observation on 4/10/23 at 12:29 PM, residents were being served and eating their noon meal in the facility dining room. On a countertop in the dining room there was a bottle of Comet cleaner with bleach sitting on top of counter with a white washcloth on top of the bottle. There were three dining tables near the counter with residents at each table. In an interview on 4/10/23 at 12:42 PM with ICP, she said the cleaner should not have been out on the countertop within reach of the residents. She said the residents could suffer an adverse reaction from the chemicals. In an interview on 4/10/23 at 12:50 PM with the ADM, she said the Comic cleaner with bleach should not have been out on the countertop within reach of the residents. She said residents should not have easy access to the cleaner. She said anyone knows what could potentially happen. ADM did not wish to elaborate further on a potential safety hazard. Record review of MSDS for Comic cleaner with bleach undated revealed: eye damage irritation. Corrosive 2 metals. Handling and storage use personal protective equipment as required. Keep container closed when not in use . Keep out of reach of children. Keep containers tightly closed in a dry, cool and well-ventilated place. Store in corrosive resistant container. First aid measures. Eye contact rinse with plenty of water. Get medical attention immediately if irritation persists. Skin contact. Rinse with plenty of water. Get medical attention if irritation develops and persists. Ingestion. Drink one or two glasses of water. Do not induce vomiting. Get medical attention immediately if symptoms occur. Inhalation. Made fresh air. If symptoms persist call a physician. Accidental release measures. Personal precautions. Use personal protective equipment. Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Page 1 of 11 675593 675593 04/12/2023 Wisteria Place 3202 S Willis St Abilene, TX 79605

F 0761 Level of Harm - Minimal harm or potential for actual harm Residents Affected - Few Ensure drugs and biologicals used in the facility are labeled in accordance with currently accepted professional principles; and all drugs and biologicals must be stored in locked compartments, separately locked, compartments for controlled drugs. **NOTE- TERMS IN BRACKETS HAVE BEEN EDITED TO PROTECT CONFIDENTIALITY** Based observations, interviews, and record reviews the facility failed to store all drugs and biologicals in locked compartments for 1 of 2 medication carts, and unsecured respiratory medications at resident bedside, reviewed for label and storage of drugs and biologicals. The facility failed to ensure medication cart #1 was locked when unattended by RN-A. The facility failed to ensure Resident #25srespiratory treatments were not left at bedside and used unsupervised . This failure could place residents at risk of having access to unauthorized medications, leading to possible harm or drug diversions. Findings include: 1.During observation on 04/10/2023 at 10:20 PM, Station 3 Nurses Station, med cart #1 was unlocked with a pill cup that included one pill on top of the med cart accessible to residents. Observation also at that time revealed a resident who walked up to Station 3 Nurses Station. During an interview on 04/10/2023 at 10:25 PM, the RN-A stated, a resident had refused a medication and placed the pill cup with one pill on top of the cart, leaving the cart unlocked and walked away. He stated the negative impact to residents, if accessed, would have been a possible overdose and/or an adverse reaction. His failure, he stated, was not locking the med cart, and having not disposed the refused medication properly. During an interview on 04/12/2023 at 3:45 PM, the DON stated, the negative impact to residents were, they could get into the open med cart or the pill sitting on top of cart possibly causing an allergic reaction. She stated the charge nurse should have ensured the carts were locked and herself and ADON should have been monitoring all shifts. The failures she felt was an isolated incident and did not comment further. Her expectations were for the med cart to have been locked immediately before walking away. The discarding of refused meds should have been discarded immediately upon refusal. 2.Record review of Resident #25 face sheet dated for 12/2023 revealed a [AGE] year-old female admitted to the facility on [DATE] with a diagnosis list that included: Acute combined CHF (primary), pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease, COPD, Alzheimer's disease (late onset), cognitive communication deficit. Record review of Resident #25's Quarterly MDS dated [DATE] revealed a BIMS of 4 meaning severe cognitive deficit. Resident did not utilize oxygen while a resident of the facility. Resident did not have shortness of breath. Resident had no functional range of motion impairment of upper extremities. There was no answer for functional cognition for remembering to take medication as resident was not on an admission skilled stay at that time. Record review of Resident #25's Care Plan dated 4/12/2023 revealed: Focus: has altered respiratory status/dyspnea r/t pulmonary HTN, A-FIB, pulmonary edema, COPD. Goal: Will have no complications 675593 Page 2 of 11 675593 04/12/2023 Wisteria Place 3202 S Willis St Abilene, TX 79605

F 0761 Level of Harm - Minimal harm or potential for actual harm Residents Affected - Few related to SOB though the review date. Will maintain normal breathing pattern as evidenced by normal respirations, normal skin color, and regular respiratory rate/pattern through the review date. Will not have a rehospitalization within 30 days. Interventions: . Inhalers albuterol and Spiriva per MD orders . Provide oxygen as ordered. Care plan does not address that resident may keep albuterol inhaler at bedside. Record review of Resident #25's Physician Order dated 4/12/2023 revealed: Albuterol Sulfate Aerosol Powder Breath Activated 108 (90 Base) MCG/ACT 2 puff inhale orally four times a day for COPD. Start date 11/3/2022. Order does not state that resident may keep inhaler at bedside. During observation on 4/10/2023 at 10:25 AM with Resident #25. She had an albuterol inhaler laying on her bedside table. The label on the albuterol inhaler stated the medication and directions to use four times a day. The resident and roommate both stated, it was always on the bedside table. She stated, the nurse would then come by to ensure she took the inhaler when she was supposed to. Resident #25 stated, the nurse did not assist with the inhaler only to come back to check it she had taken it. Resident #25 stated, she knew how to use the inhaler and then she took it four times a day not only when she needed. Resident was wearing oxygen via nasal cannula with the oxygen setting at 2 liters per minute. Resident said she wears oxygen continuously and she has had issues in the past with her lungs. During observation on 4/12/2023 at 4:20 PM, Resident #25 was not in her room, her roommate stated, she went out with family and had left her albuterol inhaler on the bedside table. The Roommate stated that no nurse had taken the inhaler from her bedside table within the last 3 days (4/10/2023 through 4/12/2023). During an interview on 4/12/2023 at 4:28PM, the LVN-D stated, if a resident had an order a specific medication could be kept at bedside, it would be acceptable. The nurse would still have needed to do a respiratory assessment each time per say, if it were a respiratory medication such as an inhaler and ask the resident if they had taken it. LVN-D stated if a resident had a medication that could be kept at the bedside, it would been addressed in the care plan as well. She also stated, if a resident did not have an order, to be kept at bedside, the medication was to be kept locked in the medication cart. During an interview on 4/12/2023 at 4:3 3PM, the DON stated, regarding a resident with a medication at bedside, first would be the residents desire to keep a medication at bedside, then a SMA Assessment would be conducted. The DON then stated, if the assessment revealed the resident was safe and competent, a discussion would be made with the resident's physician. It would have been then, if the physician agreed, the resident could safely keep the medication at bedside, then that specific medication's order would include could be kept at bedside. If the physician had written an order resident were allowed to keep med at bedside, the care plan needed to be updated to state as such. If there were no order for it to be kept at bedside, the care plan would not be included that it could be kept at bedside. The DON stated cognition would have been a factor with the SMA assessment with having had a BIMS of 4, Resident #25 would not have been able to keep a medication at bedside. She stated, the physician's orders would not be a general May keep at bedside order but would be with the specific medication could be kept at bedside. Without that specification in the medication order, the medication should have been stored in the medication cart. Record Review of undated facility Policy and Procedure-Nursing Clinical revealed: 675593 Page 3 of 11 675593 04/12/2023 Wisteria Place 3202 S Willis St Abilene, TX 79605

F 0761 Section: Care and Treatment Level of Harm - Minimal harm or potential for actual harm Subject: Medication Access and Storage Policy: It is the policy of this facility to store all drugs and biological in locked compartments Residents Affected - Few Procedures: 2. Only licensed nurses, the consultant pharmacist and those lawfully authorized to administer medications (e.g., medication aides) are allowed access to medications. Medication rooms, carts, and medication supplies are locked or attended by persons with authorized access. 3. Except for those requiring refrigeration, medications intended for internal use are stored in a medication cart or other designated area. 675593 Page 4 of 11 675593 04/12/2023 Wisteria Place 3202 S Willis St Abilene, TX 79605

F 0803 Level of Harm - Minimal harm or potential for actual harm Residents Affected - Some Ensure menus must meet the nutritional needs of residents, be prepared in advance, be followed, be updated, be reviewed by dietician, and meet the needs of the resident. **NOTE- TERMS IN BRACKETS HAVE BEEN EDITED TO PROTECT CONFIDENTIALITY** Based on observation, interview and record review, the facility failed to ensure the menu was followed, for 1 of 1 observed lunch meal on 04/10/2023. The facility failed to ensure residents received a fresh baked role or an approved alternative during the lunch meal. This failure could place residents that eat out of the kitchen at risk of poor intake, chemical imbalance and/or weight loss. The findings include: Observation and review of posted daily facility menu for Monday 04/10/06/2023 revealed: Lunch: Sweet/Sour Meatballs, Steamed Rice, Seas [NAME] Beans, Roll/[NAME], Iced Brownie, Beverage and Whole Milk. Observation of the meal on 04/10/2023 at 11:30 AM revealed residents were served Sweet/Sour Meatballs, Steamed Rice, [NAME] Beans, and an Iced Brownie. Resident trays were served without a roll or an approved alternative. During an interview on 4/10/2023 at 11:45 AM the DM stated resident trays were served without a roll. The DM stated the cook should have substituted a slice of bread, if there were no rolls. The DM stated she did not know why there was no rolls served. During an interview on 04/11/2023 at 10:15 AM the DM stated her expectation was that staff were to follow the menu and if an item was not available for some reason it would need to be substituted. The DM did not know why the roll was missing from food tray yesterday. The DM stated the cooks and herself were responsible for monitoring the menu being followed. During an interview on 04/12/23 at 3:36 PM the ADMN stated her expectation was that staff follow menus and needed to notify staff and residents of substitution. The ADMN stated the roll should have been substituted with adequate substitution. The ADMN stated the DM was responsible to monitor to ensure menus were being followed. The ADMN stated what led to failure was inconsistent training structures. The ADMN stated the effect on residents when menus were not followed was resident did not get proper nutrition. Review of facility's policy titled, Nutrition and Menu Planning undated revealed: Menu and Nutritional Adequacy: Understands and follows prescribed diet orders, menu spreadsheets and corresponding recipes, Understands menu substitutions and use of nutritionally equivalent foods. Prepares appropriate quantity of food based on menu spreadsheets. 675593 Page 5 of 11 675593 04/12/2023 Wisteria Place 3202 S Willis St Abilene, TX 79605

F 0812 Level of Harm - Minimal harm or potential for actual harm Residents Affected - Some Procure food from sources approved or considered satisfactory and store, prepare, distribute and serve food in accordance with professional standards. Based on observations, interviews, and record reviews the facility failed to properly store, prepare, distribute, and serve food in accordance with professional standards for food service safety for 1 of 1 kitchen reviewed . The facility failed to ensure foods were sealed and/or labeled properly in refrigerator. The facility failed to ensure all food was not past expiration date. The facility failed to ensure that staff utilized proper personal hygiene practices. These failures could place residents that eat from the kitchen at risk for food borne illnesses. Findings included: Observation of the kitchen on 04/10/23 between 10:15 AM to 11:15 AM revealed the following: Refrigerator 1. A container of Pimento Cheese with a use by 4/7/23. 2. A bag of broccoli with a use by date of 3/17/23. 3. A package of bologna not sealed open to air. 4. A plastic bag with a seal not sealed contained grated cheese. 5. A plastic bag with a seal not sealed contained lettuce. 6. A plastic bag with a seal not sealed contained sliced white cheese. 7. Two bags of lettuce with a use by date of 4/7/23. 8. A container containing BBQ pork without a prep or use by date. 9. A plastic bag with seal not sealed containing ham. 10. A container of refried beans with a use by date of 4/7/23. 11. A container of pasta with a use by dated of 4/9/23. Observation on 04/10/2023 at 11:30 PM revealed DS C entered the kitchen without washing hands, walked thru kitchen carrying personal food and drink itmes, entered into the office with items, then returned to kitchen without personall items, went to warmer and removed food containers before washing hands. While DS C washed her hands, she turned off water with bare clean hands and then grabbed a paper towel to dry hands; and went to get food containers out of warmer. 675593 Page 6 of 11 675593 04/12/2023 Wisteria Place 3202 S Willis St Abilene, TX 79605

F 0812 Level of Harm - Minimal harm or potential for actual harm Residents Affected - Some During observation on 04/11/23 at 10:40 AM revealed DS B failed to perform hand hygiene while pureeing food, DS B touched mask, pulled down mask, adjusted glasses picked up food containers numerous times without performing hand hygiene. During an interview on 04/11/2023 at 10:15 AM the DM stated her expectation was the food needed to be sealed and labeled with item description, date prepared and date needed to be discarded. The DM stated items needed to be discarded when dated. The DM stated the effect on residents would be that residents could have received food poisoning. The DM stated staff should perform hand hygiene every time they enter kitchen, touch something on their person or change tasks. The DM stated what led to failures were staff were rushing and trying to do too much at one time. The DM stated all dietary staff should have been monitoring but ultimately fell on cooks and DM to monitor. The DM stated staff are trained on proper hand hygiene and food storage and labeling at hire thru the facility's online training system and when complete food handler's certificate. During an interview on 04/12/23 at 3:36 PM the ADMN stated her expectation was that staff follow policy for hand hygiene and food storage and labeling. The ADMN stated staff should have washed hands anytime they changed tasks. The ADMN stated the DM was responsible to ensure staff followed policy. The ADMN stated the effect on residents was food could have lost nutrient content or have been spoiled. The ADMN stated what led to failure of items not being stored properly was inconsistent training structure. The ADMN stated what led to failure of staff not performing hand hygiene was lack of accountability. Review of Facility policy titled, Infection Control Policy/Procedure dated 05/2007 revealed: Wash hands carefully with soap and water whenever they become soiled, immediately before work in the morning, after using the bathroom, after coughing, sneezing, or blowing the nose, after touching the hair, mouth, or cigarettes, after handling raw unwashed food and dirty dishes; Before touching food, clean dishes and silverware. Review of FDA Food Code 2022 accessed https://www.fda.gov/media/164194/download revealed on page 20: (C) TO avoid recontaminating their hands or surrogate prosthetic devices, FOOD EMPLOYEES may use disposable paper towels or similar clean barriers when touching surfaces such as manually operated faucet handles on a HANDWASHING SINK or the handle of a restroom door . FOOD EMPLOYEES shall clean their hands and exposed portions of their arms as specified under § 2-301.12 immediately before engaging in FOOD preparation including working with exposed FOOD, clean EQUIPMENT and UTENSILS, and unwrapped SINGLE-SERVICE and SINGLE-USE ARTICLESP and: (A) After touching bare human body parts other than clean hands and clean, exposed portions of arms . Before donning gloves to initiate a task that involves working with FOOD; (I) After engaging in other activities that contaminate the hands. 675593 Page 7 of 11 675593 04/12/2023 Wisteria Place 3202 S Willis St Abilene, TX 79605

F 0850 Hire a qualified full-time social worker in a facility with more than 120 beds. Level of Harm - Potential for minimal harm Based on interview and record review, the facility failed to ensure the hired Social Worker had the required qualifications for 1 of 1 facility reviewed for social worker qualifications. Residents Affected - Many The social worker hired on September 30, 2021, as a full-time social worker was not licensed by the Texas State Board of Social Worker Examiners. This failure could place all residents at risk for unmet social services and psychosocial needs. The findings included: Review of employee file on 03/12/2023 at 2:30 PM revealed that Social Worker was not a licensed social worker, and he had a Bachelor of Arts in Human Services. Further review revealed he was hired by the facility as a social worker on September 30, 2021. Review of facility's job description for Social Worker position revealed, Education & Experience: Social Worker-(A) A Bachelor's Degree in social Work; or (B) Similar professional qualifications, which include a minimum educational requirement of a bachelor's degree and one year experience met by employment providing social services in a health care setting. Interview on 03/12/2023 at 3:30 PM with the ADM, she said the Social Worker has been at the facility about two months. The ADM stated a Social Worker has a bachelor's degree in human services which falls under an appropriate degree, and he had several years' experience working with geriatrics, in several health care facilities. The ADM said the Social Worker does not have a degree or a license in Social Work. ADM stated the facility hired a contract social worker with the appropriate license to oversee the current social worker. She stated the contract social worker does not work in the building 40 hours a week. She stated he is remotely available if needed. ADM stated what led to the failure of keeping an unlicensed social worker was that the facility recently received a violation and submitted a plan of correction stating the facility would hire a contract social worker to oversee the current social worker. She stated she felt as the requirement had been fulfilled due to the plan or correction being accepted. Interview on 03/12/2023 at 3:38 PM the Social Worker said t he was not a licensed social worker. He stated he had worked in the facility for over a year as a social worker. Review on 03/12/2023 at 3:00 PM of National Association of Social Work Web Page revealed: To be a social worker, you need to hold a degree in social work from a college or university program accredited by the council on Social Work Education (CSWE). Review of CMS Form 3740, Bed Classification dated 03/10/2023 revealed the facility is certified for 123 beds. 675593 Page 8 of 11 675593 04/12/2023 Wisteria Place 3202 S Willis St Abilene, TX 79605

F 0880 Provide and implement an infection prevention and control program. Level of Harm - Minimal harm or potential for actual harm **NOTE- TERMS IN BRACKETS HAVE BEEN EDITED TO PROTECT CONFIDENTIALITY** Based on observations interviews and record reviews, the facility failed to maintain an infection prevention and control program for 2 (RN-A, RN-E) of 8 staff and 1(Resident #21) of 5 residents reviewed for infection control. Residents Affected - Few Facility staff failed to wear facemask properly. Facility staff failed to perform hand hygiene prior to donning surgical gloves for a sterile dressing change of Resident #21's PICC line. These failures placed residents at risk of infection. Findings included: During an observation on 04/10/23 at 9:45AM, entrance of facility had a whiteboard that had information . 5. Due to HIGH county transmission rate Masks ARE REQUIRED. A poster that included Facemask Do's and Don'ts The poster included that the proper way to wear a mask was on the face and covering the nose and mouth. Many ways not to wear it included not at all and/or not covering the nose and mouth. During an observation on 04/10/2023 at 10:20 PM, RN-A (charge nurse) was sitting at Station 3 Nurses Station with no mask on. Residents were present in hallway at this time walking towards nurses station and walking in hallways. During an interview on 04/10/2023 at 10:25 PM, RN-A stated, it was only mandatory to wear his surgical mask when performing resident care, and not in the hallways or Nurses Station. During an interview on 04/11/2023 at 4:20 PM, the ADM stated, the county positivity rate was considered high, therefore wearing surgical masks should be worn in all areas of the facility with the exceptions of Offices, or mask break areas. She stated, the charge nurse should have been monitoring actions of staff keeping them accountable when ADM was not in the facility such as the night shift. The leadership team, (Charge nurse, ADM, and DON), were ultimately responsible for monitoring the wearing of masks throughout facility at all times. The ADM stated the negative impact to residents would have been exposure to outside factors. The failure she stated, it was harder for the leadership team to monitor the night shift, and the charge nurse not following the proper protocols of such. The expectations were for the charge nurse to wear his mask and to show ownership and responsibilities of a nurse. Record review of Resident #21 Facesheet dated 4/12/23 revealed: a [AGE] year old male admitted to the facility on [DATE] with a diagnosis list that included: Other acute osteomyelitis, right tibia and fibula (primary), Other bacterial infections of unspecified sites, Other specified bacterial agents as the cause of diseases classified elsewhere, Resistance to multiple antibiotics, Metabolic encephalopathy, gangrene not elsewhere classified, acquired absence of left finger, Buergers disease(disease of blood vessels of arms and legs), NSTEMI (heart attack), Pleural effusion, Type one diabetes mellitus with hypoglycemia without coma, Peripheral vascular disease, End stage renal disease, Altered mental status, Cognitive communication deficit, Unspecified dementia, moderate, with other behavioral disturbance, Acquired absence of left leg below knee, Dependence on renal dialysis Unspecified 675593 Page 9 of 11 675593 04/12/2023 Wisteria Place 3202 S Willis St Abilene, TX 79605

F 0880 protein calorie malnutrition. Level of Harm - Minimal harm or potential for actual harm Record review of Resident #21 Quarterly MDS dated [DATE] revealed: A BIMS of 5 meaning severe cognitive impairment. IV medication while a resident of the facility. Residents Affected - Few Record review of Resident #21 Care plan dated 4/12/23 revealed: Focus: on IV medications related to osteomyelitis to right tibia and fibula, resistance to multiple antibiotics. initiated 2/22/23. Goal: Will not have any complications related to IV therapy through the review date. Intervention: . change PICC line dressing every 7 days per order. Record review of Resident #21 Medication Administration Record dated 4/11/23 revealed: PICC line dressing change weekly and PRN one time a day every Tuesday for infection control. May change if dressing is falling off, notify if site won't stop bleeding, if arms circumference changes or if external catheter length changes. Order date 3/21/23. During an observation on 4/11/23 at 2:16 PM, RN-E performed a dressing change of Resident #21's PICC line. He washed his hands and donned clean gloves. RN-E opened all supplies for PICC line dressing change. He then placed a mask on resident and preceded to use an alcohol swab to assist in removal of old PICC line dressing. RN-E doffed gloves then donned sterile gloves without performing any hand hygiene. He then cleaned skin around Resident #21's PICC line port access. RN-E then utilized a skin prep wipe to protect the skin and placed a clear window dressing cover over Resident #21's PICC line. He placed a label on the dressing that included the date and RN-E's initials. RN-E then flushed the PICC line with an immediate blood return and 10CC's of normal saline. During an interview on 4/11/23 at 2:40 PM, RN-E said hand hygiene should be performed before starting the procedure and then after the procedure. He said staff should also wash hands with soap and water after doffing gloves and before donning sterile gloves. RN-E said the PICC line went directly into a resident's brachial artery that leads to the heart and allowed for IV fluids to circulate the body faster. RN-E said there was potential for greater infection with the PICC line. During an interview on 4/12/23 at 4:15PM, DON said hand hygiene should be performed between glove changes. She said it was preferred that soap and water hand washing would be performed before donning surgical gloves for a sterile procedure. Record review of facility Infection Control Covid-19 information labeled Nursing Home Visitation revised 9/23/22 revealed: Face covering or mask (covering mouth and nose) in accordance with CDC .If the nursing home's county Covid-19 transmission is high, everyone in a healthcare setting should wear face coverings or masks. Record review of Covid-19 CDC guidance accessed on 4/18/23 at https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/infection-control-recommendations.html revealed: Source control refers to use of respirators or well-fitting facemasks or cloth masks to cover a person's mouth and nose to prevent spread of respiratory secretions when they are breathing, talking, sneezing, or coughing . When SARS-CoV-2 Community Transmission levels are high, source control is recommended for everyone in a healthcare setting when they are in areas of the healthcare facility where they could encounter patients . HCP could choose not to wear source control when they are in well-defined areas that are restricted from patient access. Record review of facility policy labeled Handwashing dated 9/20 revealed: It is the policy of this 675593 Page 10 of 11 675593 04/12/2023 Wisteria Place 3202 S Willis St Abilene, TX 79605

F 0880 Level of Harm - Minimal harm or potential for actual harm Residents Affected - Few community to cleanse hands to prevent transmission of possible infectious material and to provide a clean, healthy environment for residents and staff. Handwashing is considered the most important single procedure for preventing the spread of infections. Record review of the National Institute of Health last updated 9/5/22 accessed at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459338/ on 4/13/23 revealed: By definition, a central catheter is a venous access device that ultimately terminates in the superior vena cava (SVC) or right atrium (RA). They can be inserted centrally (centrally inserted venous catheter; CICC) or peripherally (PICC). PICCs are placed through the basilic, brachial, cephalic, or medial cubital vein of the arm. The right basilic vein is the vein of choice due to its larger size and superficial location. Additionally, it has the straightest route to its destination, as it courses through the axillary vein, then through the subclavian, and finally, settles in the SVC. Other factors that have been thought to make the basilic vein the superior choice for PICC lines are that it has the least number of valves, better hemodilution capabilities and has a shallower angle of insertion compared to other veins. 675593 Page 11 of 11